Machine for tamping ballast



SePt- 2Q, 1949- F. H; |`=IH|LBR|CK 2,482,123

` MACHINE FOR TAMPING BALLAST Filed Aug.' 13, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet l ffl.

Sept 20 1949: F. H. PHILBRlcK 2,482,123

MACHINE FOR TAMPING BALLAST- Filed Aug. 13, 15.947 4 Sheecs--Sheecr 2 Sept' 29, l949- l F. H. PHHLBRICK 2,482,123

MACHINE FOR TAMPING BALLAST Filed Aug. 1s, 1947 4 Snees-sneet 3 Sept- 20, 1949- F. H. PHILBRICK MACHINE FOR TAMP'ING BALLAST 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 13, 1947 Patented Sept. Z02 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE V2,482,123 MACHINE Fon TAMPING BALLAST Frank H. Philbrick, Evanston, Ill.

Application August 13, 1947, Serial No. 768,391

Claims. 1

The invention relates to a machine for tamping ballast between and under railway ties.

One object of the invention is to provide a ballast camping maellinein which the tamping elements are operablebv-a dropheed and which is provided with simple @lid eiilcient means for positively controlling the angular-movements ci the tampers for packing lille l 1 11ast under the ties.

Another .object of the invention is to provide an improved track structure ,and o o-acting means for positively Controlling the angular movements of the tampers.

Another object of the invention is to provide a drop-head which is built np of structural plates and is adapted for heavyiduty.

Other objects .of the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention .consists the several novel features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined at the .conclusion hereof.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a verticallongitudinal.section illustrating the ballast tamping mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a yperspective of the dropehead Fig. 3 is a perspective of one of the box-like spacers between the s idefplates of .the drop-head;

Fig. 4 is a perspective of one v:of xthe lugs which is attached to the drop-head anel'ensaeedby the intermittent lifting mechanism for imparting lifting strokes to ,thedrop-head;

Fie. .5 is a perspective of .one of the plates of the drop-head o n which' the journals for the tempers are mounted; Y

Fig. 6 is a perspective of on'eo the reinforcing members for thedrop-head;

Fie. 'l is a perspective of .one .of the guide plates in the drop-head; f

Fig. 8 is a transverse section taken on `line --B of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a perspective of the 4track structure for controlling .the angular movements of the tampers;

Fig. 10 is .a section `.taken online 10e-.lll of Fig. .11; and

Fie. 11 is a section taken on line Y l ,ll l of Eig. l, parts being shown in elevation,

The temping machine is usually monnted on a truck or cer which comprises a trarne Whichineludes loneitudinellbeams .|'0cross` loeems r8.6 and side plates 8l. I'nis frame is supported on Wheels for traveling 'on the rails a o f a railway track. and supporting the vrnachirue for movement .alone seid track to successively position .the campers into V2 fled in my application for Letters Patent, filed October l, 19.4.5, Serial No. 619,585, and in my application No. 76 8, 890, Bled August 15, 1947.

The machine includes a series `of tampers for packing ballast at Opposite' sigles of a tie which are carried by a drophead generally designated I6, to which lifting 'strokes are imparted for imparting hammer strolges to the tampers. Head I6 extends transversely across the car and is mounted to slide vertically in .channel beams i8 Which are fixedlysecnred on the truck frame.

A gang of tampers, generally designated 4S, i-s carried at each side of head I B. Each .gang comprises Aa pair iof Itampersriperable between the railway rails a and a tamper at the outer side of each of said rails. Each ,tamper .comprises a head 49 and a series ,of .teeth 50 for engaging the ballast and packing it under the tie. Each head 49 is pivotally connected to the head I6 by a shaft 4l which is mounted in bearings .45 which are fixed to head I6. Each tamper'head 4 9 is confined between a pair .of bearings 48 and supported therein for angular `rnoyemerit `longitudinally of the railway track. The tampers in the gang at one side of the head are disposed in opposed relation to those on the gang .on the other side of the head for drop strokes at the .opposite sides iof a railway tie b, Each vshaft .41 functions as a fulcrum for :a tamper and .connects the tamper for bodily st rzolges with the headand for pivotal movement on the axes o fsaid shafts. The angu- 1er movements of the campers 4voi the gangs move the teeth on the opposedtarnpers toward and from each other for packing the ballast between them and under the tie during successive drop strokes of head 1 6,

The invention .provides irriprfoved mechanism for positiven7 controlling the angular movements of each enne of tempers during the f ull drop and lifting stroke of the head. The head 4 9 of each tamper is provided withal-1 1 :integral erm 52 which extends upwardly .from ,its ralorum shaft lul The arms 52 l o f eachV .pair of tampers at one side of the vloneitudin.el center of the track ere connected to a shaft 5 3 so tthat each shaft 53\ is adapten .tc ,pivctaiiy sluit :one cf seid pairs of tampers.

The mechanism .tor shitting shafts 15,3 for controlling 4the .pivotal movement o f the tampers comprises a traclg structure, general ley Adesignated 55, .two rollers el ,at-the transverse center of head 1.6, .each mounted on .e shalt se one .side pf head I5 and links v5 8 ,between the 1 ends of roller shafts et and .thesheits 53 .of 'one sans o i temp.-

posi-tion to .opereteloetween the ties; eXernpli o5 ers .respeetivelv- .Qns .end-of each linls 5.8 is

to head I6. The lower ends of each pair of linksY 58 are pivotally connected to and support one of the roller shafts 56. The links 58 function to impart vertical ymovement to shafts 56 and rollers 64 and permit lateral movement of rollersr 64 for shifting links 68 to angularly shift the tampers.

are formed of plates Welded together and welded to the innerfaces of .thesidep1ates; reinforcing members 92 whichare weldedto'the lower edge portions of sideplates 90 and lower ends of box members 9| and are provided with upstanding triangular plates 93 which are welded to the outer side faces of sideplates 9D bearing plates 94 which t under the plates 92 and are welded or riveted thereto; bearings 43 fouripf which are welded to each 'bearing plate 94. -I Eorked abutment plates 95 are welded in recesses in the head and angle plates 96 are Welded to plates 95 and to the outer The track structure for guiding rollers 64% is stationarily supported on the truck frame during the tamping operation. The track -structure55 sides ofsideplates 90. These abutments are'for engagementby'the lifting mechanism as hereinincludes a track at each side of the head for a roller 64 and each track includes an inner rail -1 Y 'I6 and an outer rail 'I2 between which one of the rollers 64 is confined for positively controlling the angular movements of algang of tampersduring the full stroke of head I6. Each roller 64 spans the space between oneV of the innerand one of the outer rails offthe track structure, The lower portions'of"each"pair'of rails l70, "I2

are curved or offset'as at 69 and 'II for shifting i.

rollers 64 laterally forefecting and .controlling the angular movements of the-tampers. The upper portions of innerlrails 'I6 andouter rails 'I2 are substantially vertical and parallel for guiding rollers 64 rectilinearlyy and vertically durfl ing the upper portion of each drop stroke and each lifting strokeof headIB, and causing the tampersto move rectilinearly'during the upper portion of. each lifting and down vstroke of the hea.d.j i n' The inner and outer'railsl and 'I2 vof each track guide -a single roller 64 and positively control the angular movements of tampers 46 during the fullstroke vof head I6.

The track structure lis' formed mainly ."of wrought metal or pl'atesand welded' together. The inner rails 'I0 are welded'to b ars 'I4 to form a central hollow post which is' rectangularj'is cross section. The track structure also comprises lower sideplates I5 to which are welded the inner rails 70, upright bars 'I6 atv the outer ends of the tracks and a reinforcing-structuren 'to whichtis weldedv bars 'I6 and outer rails '12.l The track structure is supported for vertical adjustment for operation of the tampers with railway rails d of different heights. `For thispurpose, the upper end of post 'I4' has welded thereto a plate 19`which fits between a pair of beams 96 which are Xedly supported from the truck frame.l

A screw 8| engages a bridge :plate 82 welded to beams 80 and is screw-threaded into'plate 79 for vertically adjusting the Vtrack structure. at its center. The ends of thetrack structureare also supported for vertical adjustment bysorew rods 84, the lower ends of which are welded to the inner rails 'I0 and extend through'sleeves 85 which are welded-to beams'86 ofthe truck frame, and nuts 81`which are screw-threaded to' the upper ends of rods 84. By adjusting screw 8l and screw rods 84, the central and endportions of the track structure may be adjusted vertically in the truck frame for the operation of the tampers with railway rails'of different heights. I'

lThe drop-head I6 isfsubjected to heavy duty when the tampers are operating in hard ballast and for the purpose of' providing a ruggedand durable structure, the head isvformed of structural or plate metal composed 'of parts mainly welded together. The headimmprises a pairof side-plates 90; box-likespacing members 9| which after described.

In order to provide clearance between the head `I6 andthe Aupper portion ofthe offset portions 1I of rail 10, the sideplates 90 are provided with outwardly'and downwardly flared portions 91 between which insertplatesll are welded. The post 'I4'Y of the track'structure extends between plates 98. Thisvexemplies a drop-head which is formed essentially vofplatemetal to adapt said headfor heavy duty and Ystructural strength.

Thehead'fl is lift'afbleflovy"r'qower derived from the motor 'on the; truck'f'rame through mechanism which lifts said head and then releases it for a'drop hammer stroke;i This mechanism com-- prises a transverseshaft 2,41 which is ycontinuously and selectively driven from the motor `by suitable'gearing (not shown) and' journalled in bearing brackets'26 which are l'lxedly secured on the mainframe; a pair of sprocket lwheels 36 whichV are xed to shaft 24, V a pair of idler sprockets 36, and sprocket chains 33'between vertically aligned sprockets30 and 36 respectively.^` Intermittent lifting strokesare imparted to head I6 by rollers 38 which are carried by Vlink chains 33 and are adapted to @intermittently engage abutment plates 95'onhead I6. Each idler sprocket 436 is journalled on abell-crank lever 37 which is fulcrumel at 3l on .thc truckv frame andis urged to keep its, Chain 33 taut by a spring 42 Aapplied to the upstanding arm'gcn said 1e`ver. The transversely aligned rollersi38 of chains 33 during their upward travelwill intermittently engage abutments 95 and `lift head I6 until rollers pass' offset abutments'at the end'ofanup stroke' and .will then release head I6 vvfor a hammer stroke to thetamping elementscarried thereby.

The operation Awill be as follows: f i. `The Acarwillbe spotted Von the. track so that the-'tampers will bepositio'ned to' straddle the Y tie withthe drop-head positioned centrally above the tie. The power `mechanism will then be operated to intermittentlyflift1headV I6 by en-V gagement'of rollers 38 on chains 33 with abutments 9 5 on head I 6. At the end of thefup stroke, head I6 will be released for a drop hammer stroke of the tampers. Duringthedrop stroke, rollers 64 are confinedbetween'y the' "inn'erand outer rails 'I6-42. During the initial portion of each drop stroke, the vertical portions'of rails 19, 'I2 will cause said rollers to travel vertically and rectilinearly `between theupper straight portions of said rails and the. tampers will be shifted bodily with head Ithrough fulcrum shaftsfl'l because links .68 Vand shafts V.53 vwill hold the tampers Aand arms 52 against.angular.movement..v Toward the endof .each dropstrokeof head I6, rollers64 will pass between the,- offset. or cam portions 69, Il ofthe. rollertrack'sjand be shifted. apart so thatlinks V66.v'vill o1' eratey shafts 53'an`d arms 52 to. .impartang'ular movement to the, tampers on the'axesl of fulcrum shafts '41. VThis angular movement of the tampers will be continued during the progressive packing of the ballast until the teeth 50 thereon packrthe Iballast under the tie bf. During the commencement of the lifting stroke of head i6, the tampers will be positively and angularly shifted inv reverse direction by the olfset portions B9, 1|- of therails 1-0', 12 until said rollers pass between the upper straight portions of said rails. During the remainder of the up stroke, head IB and rollers 64 will travel between the straight portions of the rails of the roller tracks and the tampers will be shifted bodily and without angular movement. The path of the teeth 50 is indicated byV dotted lines :c in Fig. l. In this operation each roller 64 is confined with a slight clearance between inner and outer rails 10, 12 so that during the downstroke roller 64 will ride on track portions 'H and during the upstroke theyV will ride on track portions 69.

The invention exemplies mechanism for controlling the angular movements of the tampers on a drop-head in which a single roller or equivalent element is engaged by inner and outer rails of a roller track for controlling a gang of tampers.`

The invention also exemplifies a ballast tamping machine of the drop-head typeV in which the drop-head is constructed of parts which may be shaped from plate metal and welded or otherwise secured together.

The invention also exemplifies a machine of this type in which the track structure for the rollers which control' the angular movement of the tampers may be formed of wrought or plate metal.

The invention is not to be understood as limited to the details described since these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :V

l. A ballast tamping machine for railways comprising a drop-head, mechanism for imparting, lifting strokes to the head, opposed gangs of tampers for packing ballast. under a tie,` supported on the head for bodily and pivotal movement during the strokes of the head, and mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers, said head comprising rigidly connected sideplates, box-like spacing members and plates carrying bearings for pivotally supporting the tampers, said sideplates, spacing members, and bearing carrying plates being integralized by welds.

2. A ballast tamping machine for railways. comprising a drophead, mechanism for imparting lifting strokes to the head, opposed gangs of tampers for packing ballast under a tie, supported on the head for bodily and pivotal movement during the strokes of the head, and mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers, said head comprising rigidly connected sideplates, box-like spacing members, reinforcing members of plate metal, and plateson said reinforcing members carrying bearings for pivotally supporting the tampers, said sideplates, spacing members, reinforcing members, and bearing carrying plates being integralized by welds.

3. A ballast tamping machinefor railways comprising a drop-head, mechanism for imparting lifting strokes to the head, opposed gangs of tampers for packingV ballastV under atie, supported, on the head for bodily andpivotal movementduring the strokes of the head,` and mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers,

6. said headf comprising rigidly connected sideplates, box-like spacing members, plates carrying bearings for pivotally supporting the tampers, said sideplates, spacing members, and bearingY carry-V ing plates being integralized by welds, and abutments of plate metal for the lifting mechanism, welded to the sideplates.

4-. In a ballast tamping machine for railways comprising a drop-head, mechanism for impart-v ing lifting strokes to the head, opposed gangs of tampers for packing ballast under a tie, supported on the head for bodily and pivotal movement during the strokes of the head, and mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers including a post, said head comprising rigidly connected sideplates, having flared portions around the post, spacing members, plates carrying bearings for pivotally supporting the tampers, and plates fitting between the sideplates and the flared portions.

5. In a ballast tamping machine for railways, the combination with a drop-head, mechanism for imparting lifting strokes to the drop-head, a gang of tampers for packing ballast under a tie, supported on the head for bodily and pivotalY movement during the strokes of the head, and arms xedly connected to the tampers, of mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers, including a vertically extending track' structure provided with inner and outer rails havingy parallel and cam portions, and means engaging the inner and outer rails of the track structure during the full stroke of the head and operatively -connected to the distal end of the arms on the tampers, the track structure including plates Welded together to form a post and said cam portions.

6. In a ballast tamping machine for railways', the combination with a drop-head, mechanism for imparting lifting strokes to the drop-head, a gang of tampers for packing ballast under a tie, supported on the head for bodily and pivotal movement during the strokes of the head, andV arms xedly connected to the tampers, of mechanism for controlling the angular movement of the tampers, including a vertically extending track structure provided with inner and outer rails having parallel and cam portions, and an element engaging and Spanning the space between the inner and outer rails of the track structure during the full stroke of the head and means. operatively connected to said element to the distal end of the arms on the tampers, the track structure including plates welded together to form a post, the inner and outer rails', and closed track ends.

7. In a machine for tamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermit-v tent lifting strokes to the drop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, and tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, fulcrumed at a xed point, on the drop-head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm xed to the tampers, a vertically extendingA rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portableV frame, having substantially parallel in.- ner and' outer rails, and an element spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, connected rto the drop-head for travel along: said rails and connected tothe distal end of said arm, for positively controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers 'on the drop-head', Vthe rails ofmtheV track structure being extended tor guide said elementV for controlling the pivotal movement` during .substantiallythe full stroke of the tampers. j

Y 8.; In a machine for Ytamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a port-v able frame, a drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent lifting ,strokes to the drop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes,V and tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, fulcrume'd at a fixed point, on the'drop-head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm xed to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rails, and a roller spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, connected to the drop-head for travel along said rails and connected to the distal end of said arm Yfor positively controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers on the drop-head, the rails of-the track structure being extended to guide saidrroller for controlling the pivotal movement of Athe tampers duringy substantially the full stroke of the tampers.`

.9. VIn a machine forrtamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a drop-head sl'idably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent lifting strokes to thedrop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, and tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, iulcrumed at a iixed point, on the drop-head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for ycontrolling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm iixed to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rails, and an element spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, connected to the drophead for travel along said rails and connected to the distal end of said arm for positively controlling thevp-ivotal movement of the tampers on the drop-head, the rails of the track structure having portions for guiding said element for rectilinear movement of the tampers during the upper portionvof the drop-strokes and angular portions for swinging movement of the tampers duringthelower portion of the drop-strokes of the head. Y

10. In a machine for tamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a -drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent lifting strokes to the drop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, and tampers forV packing ballast in the cribs, fulcrumed at a iixed point, on the drop head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement o'frthe tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm fixed tothe tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, havingV substantially parallel inner and outer rails, and a roller spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, connected to the drop-head for travel along said rails and connected to the distal end of said arm for positively controlling theV pivotal movement of the tampers onthe drop-head, thev 11. In a machine for tampingballast inrcribs between railway ties, theacombinationV witha portable frame,-a drop-head sliclablyY mounted in the iranianmechanism forimparting intermittent'lifting strokes to the Adrop-hemd and dropping it iornhammerstrokesQand a gang of tampers for packing ballast inithe cribs, fulcrumed at a iixed point, on the'A drop-head for bodily vertical'rnovement therewith yand to swingtransversely of theties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm xed'to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the vportable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rai1s,.an element spanning vthe spacev between and guided by the innerfand outer rails','connected to the drop-head for travel Valong-said rails and connected to the distal end of said arm for positively controlling the l pivotal movement ofr .the tampers on the drop-head; the rails ofY theftrack structure having portions for guiding said element for rectilinearrmovementfof the tampers during thev upper portion ofk the drop-strokes, of` the head `and angular portions Afor swinging movement' of the tampers during the lowerpor-V tion of the drop-strokes of the head, rand .means for vertically adjusting thetrack-structureon the frame. l Y

12. In a machine-.for tamping .ballast in Vcribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent liftingstrokes tothe 'drop-head and dropping it for hamrnerl strokes, Aand tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, iulcrumed at a iixed point, on the drop-head for bodilyvertical movement therewith andr to swing transversely of the ties; of meansior controlling the pivotal movement oi the tampers comprising:v an upwardly extending arm xed to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner andY outer rails, an element spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, and a vertically extending link connecting said elementi-,Q the drop-headior shifting said element to travel along said rails, said element being connected to the distal end of said arm, the track structure yhaving" rail-portions for guiding saidr element rectilinearlyl duringvthe upper portion-of the drop-strokes and angular portions for swinging said arm/ to impart swinging movement to the tampers during the lower portion ofrsaid drop-strokes; Y

`1 3. In a machine fontampirig ballast in cribs between railway ties, thevr combination with a portable frama'a drophead slidably mounted in th'e'frame, mechanism `^forimparting intermittent lifting strokes'tothedrop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, 'and tampers for packingY ballast the cribs, fulcrumed at a Yiixed point, on the drop-headfor bodily vertical movement therewith and tol'swing` transversely of the ties; of meanstor(controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending ariniixedto ,the tampers', Ha vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rails, a roller spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, and a vertically extending link connecting said roller to the drop-head for shifting said roller to travel along said rails, said roller being connected to the distal end of said arm, the rails of the track structure having portions for guiding said roller rectilinearly during the upper portion of the dropstrokes and angular portions for swinging said arm to impart swinging movement to the tampers during the lower portion of said drop-strokes.

14. In a machine for tamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent lifting strokes to the drop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, and tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, fulcrumed at a fixed point, on the drop-head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm Xed to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rails, an element spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, a link connecting said element to the drophead for shifting said element to travel along said rails, and a link between the distal end of said arm and said element, the rails of the track structure having portions for guiding said element rectilinearly during the upper portion of the dropstrokes and angular portions for swinging said arm to impart swinging movement to the tampers during the lower portion of said drop-strokes.

15. In a machine for tamping ballast in cribs between railway ties, the combination with a portable frame, a drop-head slidably mounted in the frame, mechanism for imparting intermittent lifting strokes to the drop-head and dropping it for hammer strokes, and tampers for packing ballast in the cribs, fulcrumed at a xed point, on the drop-head for bodily vertical movement therewith and to swing transversely of the ties; of means for controlling the pivotal movement of the tampers comprising: an upwardly extending arm xed to the tampers, a vertically extending rigid track structure stationarily mounted on the portable frame, having substantially parallel inner and outer rails, a roller spanning the space between and guided by the inner and outer rails, a link connecting said roller to the drop-head for shifting said element to travel along said rails, and a link between the distal end of said arm and said roller, the rails of the track structure having portions for guiding said roller rectilinearly during the upper portion of the drop-strokes and angular portions for swinging said arm to impart swinging movement to the tampers during the lower portion of said drop-strokes.

FRANK H. PHILBRICK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,043,245 Ohman Nov. 5, 1912 1,091,984 Talarico Mar. 31, 1914 1,320,258 Martens Oct. 28, 1919 1,556,604 Jackson Oct. 13, 1925 2,082,594 Philbrick June 1, 1937 

